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高水平女子撑竿跳运动员的大周期力量训练分期
李山1，谢慧松2，周铁民3

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（1.西安体育学院田径教研室，陕西西安710068； 2.北京体育大学田径教研室，北京100084；3.北京体育大学竞技体校，北京100084）
摘要：对我国2名国家队高水平女子撑竿跳运动员一个参赛周期的力量训练分期进行研究。结果认为：(1)根据撑竿跳运动专项力量构成特点，一个参赛周期的力量训练可沿基础性全身力量训练、原动肌肉体积适度增加训练、原动肌肉最大力量提高训练、专项爆发力提高训练、最大力量与专项爆发力保持训练途径进行阶段性复合训练；(2)分期式力量训练不仅有助于专项力量的转化与提高，而且可以保证竞赛期专项力量在比赛中发挥积极的作用。通过个案研究发现，2名国家队高水平女子撑竿跳运动员经过系统性力量分期训练，在各项最大力量（负重半蹲、上斜卧推、肩上推举、硬拉、腿弯举、提踵）与专项力量指标（下肢无氧功率自行车测试、助跑5级跨跳远、跳远）上较上一训练周期有了较明显的提高，并促进了专项成绩的进一步提高。
关键词：女子；撑竿跳运动员；大周期力量训练；训练分期
中图分类号：G8232；G8081文献标识码：A文章编号：1006-7116(2006)06-0107-04

The periodization of strength training for high level female pole vault athletes in a major period
LI Shan1， XIE Huisong2, ZHOU Tiemin3

(1.Section of Track and Field,Xi'an Institute of Physical Education,Xi'an 710068,China;2 Section of Track and Field， 3.Competitive Sports School,Beijing Sports University,Beijing 100084,China)
Abstract:In order to probe into a scientific and systematic method for stage specific strength training, and to provide helpful guidance and a reference for the theory and practice of strength training for high level pole vault athletes,the authors studied the periodization of strength training for 2 high level female pole vault athletes in the national team in a game participating period,and revealed the following findings: (1) according to the constitutional characteristics of strength dedicated to the pole vault event,a game participating period of strength training can be carried out in a stage specific and complex way in the order of basic general strength training, original driving muscle exercise moderately increased training,original driving muscle maximum strength enhancing training,event dedicated explosive power enhancing training,and maximum strength and event dedicated explosive power maintaining training; (2) periodized strength straining can not only be conducive to the conversion and enhancement of event dedicated strength,but also ensure that event dedicated strength will exert its positive function in the game during the game period.By studying the specific case,the authors revealed that compared with the last training period,the 2 high level female pole vault athletes in the national team had relatively significant improvement in terms of various maximum strength indexes(loaded half-squat,pushing acclivitously in a supine position,pushing the load on the shoulders upward,hard drawing,pushing the load upward with the legs bended,toe lifting) and event dedicated strength indexes (anaerobic power bicycle test of lower limbs,quintuple jump with run-up,long jump) after systematic periodized strength training,which boosts further improvement of even dedicated performance.
Key words:female; pole vault athlete; strength straining in a major period; periodization of straining

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