体育学刊

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高强度间歇训练对肥胖儿童内脏脂肪和心肺适能的影响
李抒1，曹甍1，邹昱2，唐玉成1

浏览次数 355 　

(1.深圳大学体育学院，广东深圳 518061；2.浙江大学教育学院，浙江杭州 310058)

摘要：为观察并比较12周高强度间歇训练(HIIT)和中等强度持续训练(MICT)干预对肥胖儿童内脏脂肪和心肺适能的改善作用。60名肥胖儿童(11.0±0.8)岁，男女生各30人随机分为HIIT组，MICT组和CON组。HIIT组进行强度为100%~110%最大有氧速度的高强度间歇训练；MICT组进行强度为70%~80%最大有氧速度的中等强度持续训练。干预前后分别测量受试者的身体成分、内脏脂肪、最大摄氧量、收缩压和舒张压，利用SPSS 22.0软件对测试结果进行统计学分析，采用一般线性模型单变量分析和简单效应模型比较各指标的组内和组间差异，并通过Pearson相关性分析观察各指标变化之间的关系。结果：12周干预后组内比较的结果显示，HIIT和MICT组受试者的BMI和躯干脂肪较干预前显著减少，最大摄氧量显著增加；HIIT组的内脏脂肪面积和MICT组的全身脂肪含量较干预前显著减少；组间比较结果显示，HIIT对最大摄氧量的增加和对内脏脂肪的减少作用显著大于MICT，而MICT对全身脂肪和下肢脂肪的减少作用显著大于HIIT；相关性分析结果显示，内脏脂肪和全身脂肪含量的减少与最大摄氧量的增加呈负相关(r分别为-0.78和-0.75，P<0.01)，内脏脂肪的减少与舒张压的下降呈正相关(r=0.45，P<0.01)。结果说明：高强度间歇训练和中等强度持续训练对肥胖儿童身体成分的改善和心肺适能的提高具有积极作用，而高强度间歇训练对内脏脂肪的减少及最大摄氧量的提高效果更好。考虑到高强度间歇训练省时，且更符合儿童短时、爆发式的运动模式，未来应扩大样本量，开展更多基于学校的干预研究，以寻找长效管理儿童肥胖的运动干预模式。

关键词：运动生理学；高强度间歇训练；肥胖；内脏脂肪；心肺适能；儿童

中图分类号：G804.2 文献标志码：A 文章编号：1006-7116(2023)04-0138-07

Effects of high-intensity interval training on visceral adipose tissue and cardiorespiratory fitness in children with obesity
LI Shu1，CAO Meng1，ZOU Yu2，TANG Yucheng1

(1. School of Physical Education，Shenzhen University，Shenzhen 518061，China；

2.College of Education，Zhejiang University，Hangzhou 310058，China)

Abstract: The present study aimed to investigate the effect of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and moderate- intensity continuous training (MICT) on visceral adipose tissue and cardiorespiratory fitness in children with obesity over 12 weeks. Sixty obese children (11.0 ± 0.8) years, 30 boys and girls respectively were randomized to HIIT, MICT and CON groups. HIIT group with high-intensity at 100%~110% maximal aerobic speed and MICT group with moderate-intensity at 70%~80% maximal aerobic speed. Body composition, visceral adipose tissue, VO2max, systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure were measured before and after intervention respectively. The measurements were analyzed by SPSS 22.0, and between-group and within-group differences were compared by univariate analysis by general linear model and simple effect model, and the relationship between the changes of each outcome was observed by Pearson correlation analysis. Results showed that: within-group comparison after 12 weeks showed that BMI and trunk fat in HIIT and MICT groups were significantly decreased than baseline, VO2max was significantly increased. Visceral adipose tissue in HIIT group and whole-body fat in MICT group were significantly decreased than baseline. Between-group comparison showed that HIIT significantly increase VO2max and decrease visceral adipose tissue than MICT, while MICT had significantly decrease the whole-body fat and lower limb fat than HIIT. Correlation analysis demonstrated that the reduction of visceral adipose tissue and whole-body fat were negatively correlated with the increment of VO2max (r was -0.78 and -0.75, P<0.01), and the reduction of VAT was positively correlated with the reduction of diastolic blood pressure (r = 0.45, P<0.01). Conclusions revealed that: HIIT and MICT have positive effect on body composition and CRF of obese children, while HIIT has a better effect on decreasing visceral adipose tissue and increasing VO2max. Considering HIIT have more time-efficient and in line with children's exercise mode which short and burst, future study should expand sample size and examine more school-based intervention, in order to find a long-term exercise intervention model for childhood obesity management.

Keywords: sports physiology；high-intensity interval training；obesity；visceral adipose tissue；cardiorespiratory fitness；children

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